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61.
Zilong Li Yoshiaki Tainosho Jun-ichi Kimura Kazuyuki Shiraishi Masaaki Owada 《Gondwana Research》2003,6(4):595-605
Alkali granitoids (500-550 Ma) representing a prominent Pan-African magmatic event are widely distributed in the Sør Rondane Mountains, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Geochemically, they are granitic to syenitic in composition and show an alkaline affinity of A-type granites. They are characterized by high K2O+Na2O (7-13 wt%) and K2O/Na2O (1-2), low to intermediate Mg#, wide ranges of SiO2 (45-78 wt%), Sr (20-6500 ppm) and Ba (40-13000 ppm) and have Nb and Ti depletion in the primitive mantle normalized diagram. The granitoids are subdivided into Group I granites, Group II granites, Lunckeryggen Syenitic Complex and Mefjell Plutonic Complex. The Group I granites have higher Mg#, Sr/Ba, Sr/Y, (La/Yb)N and LREE/HREE, lower A/CNK, SREE and initial 87Sr/87Sr ratios and lack Eu anomalies compared to those with negative Eu anomalies in the Group II granites. The syenitic rocks from the Mefjell Plutonic Complex are higher in alkali, Ga, Zr, Ba, and have lower Mg#, Rb, Sr, Nb, Y, F and LREE/HREE with positive Eu anomaly, whereas the granites from the Mefjell Plutonic Complex have high LREE/HREE ratios with negative Eu anomaly. The Lunckeryggen syenitic rocks have intermediate Mg#, higher K2O, P2O5, TiO2, Fe2O3/FeO, Ba, Sr/Y and LREE/HREE ratios with lack of Eu anomalies and are lower in Al2O3, Ga, Y, Nb and Rb/Sr ratios. Based on chemical characteristics combined with isotopic data, we suggest that the Lunckeryggen syenitic body and Group I granitic bodies may be derived from the mantle-derived hot basic magma by fractional crystallization with minor assimilation. We also suggest that the Group II granites may be derived from assimilation with crustal rocks to varing degrees and then fractional crystallization in higher crustal levels (ACF model). The Mefjell Plutonic Complex seems to be derived from a heterogenetic magma source compared with other granitoids from the Sør Rondane Mountains. The syenitic rocks in the Mefjell Plutonic complex have a unique source (iron-enriched) and have a chemical affinity with the charnockites in Gjelsvikjella and western Mühlig-Hofmannfjella, but not like the Yamato syenites in adjacent areas. 相似文献
62.
Assessment of metal concentrations in lake sediments of southwest Japan based on sediment quality guidelines 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Geochemical analysis of the bottom sediments of Lakes Banryoko, Onbe, Hamahara and Kijima in Shimane prefecture of southwest
Japan was carried out to determine their metal concentrations, and to assess the potential for ecological harm by comparison
with sediment quality guidelines. The work conducted includes water quality measurement, and analyses of trace and major elements
and rare earth element (REE) of sediments. Results showed that water quality of the lakes contrasts slightly between their
upper and lower parts. Average abundances of As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr in Banryoko sediments were 27, 33, 90, 27, 25, and
46 ppm, respectively, compared to 31, 52, 175, 44, 44, and 75 ppm at Onbe, 11, 26, 96, 13, 13, and 35 ppm at Hamahara, and
24, 43, 193, 31, 12, and 30 ppm at Kijima. These concentrations exceeded the lowest effect level that has moderate impact
on aquatic organisms as proposed by the New York State Department of Environmental conservation. Pb and Cu abundances are
comparable to the Coastal Ocean Sediment Database threshold, while As and Zn exceed this value, indicating the concentrations
of these metals are potentially toxic. Increases in the abundances of these metals in lake sediments are probably related
to the reducing condition of the sediments, anthropogenic sources and surface soil erosion. The REE patterns of sediments
in the study areas are broadly comparable to the average upper continental crust, but show some contrast between lakes due
to differing source litho type. Significant positive correlations between Fe2O3 and As, Pb, Zn, and Cu were found in the sediments, suggesting these metals may be adsorbed on Fe oxides in the lake sediments. 相似文献
63.
Environmental assessment of Dhaka City (Bangladesh) based on trace metal contents in road dusts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Geochemical analysis of street dusts was conducted to evaluate the environment of Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Dust samples were
collected from different areas (industrial, commercial, and residential) of Dhaka City, and their major, trace and rare earth
elements (REE) were determined. Samples from the commercial area had Pb concentrations double those of the industrial and
residential areas. Contents of Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr in the industrial areas were greater than those in the commercial and residential
areas. The REE patterns of all dusts in Dhaka are similar and are comparable to the average upper continental crust. The condition
of the Dhaka environment was compared to that in Japan and other baseline sediments using Zn–Fe2O3 and Pb–Fe2O3 diagrams. Zn–Fe2O3 trends for the dusts show steep inclination compared to the baseline sediment and the Japanese urban sediment trends. Dhaka
lake data show enrichment of Zn over the dusts, suggestive of Zn pollution from poorly controlled industrial sources. In contrast,
on the Pb–Fe2O3 diagram, Dhaka dusts have greater Pb contents than lake sediments, probably due to the higher traffic density in the commercial
area compared to the residential area including the area around the lake. The results suggest that higher levels of Pb and
Zn in street dusts in Dhaka can most likely be attributed to the anthropogenic sources like vehicle emissions to the atmosphere
and a rapid development. 相似文献
64.
Toshifumi Komatsu Chen Jinhua Hiroaki Ugai Koji Hirose 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2007,29(5-6):795-802
Trigonioides goshourensis n. sp. and Trigonioides amakusensis Kikuchi and Tashiro occur in the late Albian Eboshi Formation of the Goshoura Group in Kyushu, Japan. These Albian species are characterized by three radial pseudocardinal teeth on the thick and wide hinge plate, and are probably ancestors of Cenomanian species of Trigonioides (Kumamotoa) with four radial pseudocardinal teeth. This chronological relation may be important for the correlation of non-marine Cretaceous strata in East Asia. In addition, the habitat of T. amakusensis is interpreted as estuarine tidal flats under brackish water conditions, although Trigonioides is generally a freshwater bivalve genus. 相似文献
65.
Daisuke?Takagi Hiroaki?SatoEmail author Mitsuhiro?Nakagawa 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2005,149(5):527-540
We conducted melting experiments on a low-alkali tholeiite (SiO2 ~52 wt%, MgO ~6.5 wt%, CaO/Na2O~4.4, Al2O3/SiO2 ~0.33) under both H2O-undersaturated and H2O-saturated conditions to investigate the effect of H2O on the Ca–Na partitioning between plagioclase and melt. Experiments were performed in the temperature and pressure ranges of 1,000–1,300°C and 1–5 kbar, respectively, with varying H2O contents of 0–12wt%. Redox condition was 0–2 log unit above NNO (nickel–nickel oxide) buffer. Temperature-bulk H2O diagrams for the low-alkali tholeiite are constructed at 1, 2, and 5 kbar, and compositions of near-liquidus plagioclase and coexisting melt are determined. To exclude the effect of melt composition (CaO/Na2O and Al2O3/SiO2 ratios) on plagioclase composition and to reveal the effect of H2O on An (=100×Ca/(Ca+Na)) content and
(=(Ca/Na)pl/(Ca/Na)melt), we focused on the composition of near-liquidus plagioclases which crystallized from melts with nearly constant CaO/Na2O and Al2O3/SiO2 ratios. Our experimental results show that, at each experimental pressure, An content of the near-liquidus plagioclase and the KDCa-Na almost linearly increases as H2O content in melt increases. Each of the An content and the
variations in a low-alkali tholeiitic system (CaO/Na2O~4.0–4.5, Al2O3/SiO2 ~0.27–0.33) can be described by one equation using temperature, pressure, and melt H2O content as parameters. An content and
of liquidus plagioclase increases with increasing melt H2O and with decreasing pressure, elucidating that nearly H2O-saturated conditions of 2–3 kbar is optimal for the crystallization of the most An-rich plagioclase (>An88). We suggest this pressure condition of 2–3 kbar, corresponding to depth of 7–11 km, plays an important role for the origin of An-rich plagioclase in H2O-rich low-alkali tholeiite. At pressures more than ca. 4 kbar, crystallization of liquidus Ca-rich clinopyroxene decreases the CaO/Na2O ratio of liquid, thus prohibiting the crystallization of high-An plagioclase from hydrous tholeiite. 相似文献
66.
Horiguchi T Kojima M Takiguchi N Kaya M Shiraishi H Morita M 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(8-12):817-822
Histological examination of gonads as well as chemical analysis of organotin compounds in tissues of the giant abalone, Haliotis madaka, was conducted to evaluate continuing endocrine disruption in abalone populations in Japan. Abalone specimens were collected from two different areas, Tsushima as a reference site and Jogashima as a site representative of declining abalone populations where serious organotin contamination had been observed, each month from January 1998 to March 1999. Scores were given to the development stages of reproductive cells in the ovary and testis. The degree of sexual maturation was evaluated by calculating the mean value of a histogram of these scores for the reproductive cells of each abalone. The temporal variations in degree of sexual maturation showed that female and male abalone from Tsushima matured synchronously, while those from Jogashima did not, which were similar to results of the previous study during September 1995–November 1996. Approximately 19% of the female abalone from Jogashima were masculinized with an ovo-testis, which was also similar to the result of the previous study. The masculinization of female abalone is reported to be induced by tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) from antifouling paints. Concentrations of the sum of butyltins (TBT, dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT): ΣBTs) and the sum of phenyltins (TPhT, diphenyltin (DPhT) and monophenyltin (MPhT): ΣPhTs) in the muscle of abalone from Jogashima (n = 73) of 7.8 ± 9.0 ng/g wet wt. and 4.5 ± 6.8 ng/g wet wt., respectively, were significantly higher than those from Tsushima (n = 87) of 4.7 ± 4.9 ng/g wet wt. and 0.8 ± 1.7 ng/g wet wt., respectively (p < 0.05 for ΣBTs; p < 0.001 for ΣPhTs), although concentrations of TBT and TPhT in the muscle of abalone from Jogashima (n = 73) of 2.2 ± 2.5 ng/g wet wt. and 5.8 ± 5.1 ng/g wet wt., respectively, were insignificantly and significantly higher than those from Tsushima (n = 87) of 0.4 ± 0.6 ng/g wet wt. and 0.5 ± 0.9 ng/g wet wt., respectively, (p > 0.05 for TBT; p < 0.001 for TPhT). Thus, endocrine disruption as well as contamination by organotins in the giant abalone from Jogashima is still persisting. 相似文献
67.
For the measurement of atmospheric NO2 vertical column density (VCD), Kitt Peak Solar Flux Atlas can be substituted as an extraterrestrial solar radiation. Compared with differential analysis method, the Taylor expansion of integrated transfer equation underestimates the VCD. This underestimation is as large as 35% when the amount of NO2 is 1 × 1017 cm-2 and observation is conducted with an air mass factor of 10. Even when the VCD is 2 × 1016 cm-2 and the air mass factor is 4, the relative error of the retrieved VCD is still no less than 3%. If the observation is restricted under the small air mass factor condition (≤4), with Kitt Peak Solar spectrum as an extraterrestrial solar radiation, only an atmospheric layer of 2 km thick from ground can be studied, which will make the absorption too weak to be detected by normal instruments.The VCD in winter Tokyo area was observed and analyzed by differential method, which shows a good precision even when the absorption is as low as 3%. The largest average VCD was about 1.3 × 1017 cm-2, and the lowest was about 1.3 × 1016 cm-2. The trend of its variation was almost the same as the ground level observation by Saltzman reagent method. 相似文献
68.
l.Introducti0nTwoflightsoftheSAGEIIIinstrumentwereplanedbeinglaunchedinJune2O00byRussianMeteor-3Mandin2002byInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).Itisexpectedthattheywouldofferinformationofalmostglobalcoverage.Theseinstrumentswillutilizetheselfcal-ibratingsolaroccultationtechniquetomeasureprofilesofaerosoIextinctionfrom0to4Okm,ozonefrom6to85km,nitrogendioxidefroml0to5Okm,andwatervaporfrom0to5Okm,andutilizelunaroccultationobservati0nstomonitorthekeynighttimesPecies,nitrogentrioxidefrom22to55k… 相似文献
69.
Neocalanus flemingeri, Neocalanus plumchrus, Neocalanus cristatus and Eucalanus bungii are large and dominant mesozooplankton occurring throughout the subarctic Pacific. They are an important trophic link and transporter of organic matter to the mesopelagic zone. Vertical distributions of these copepods were investigated from March to October 2000 in the Oyashio region of the western subarctic Pacific. Neocalanus plumchrus and N. flemingeri were distributed in the surface layer (0–50 m) and N. cristatus and E. bungii in the subsurface layer (50–100 m). However, when examined in detail, clear seasonal and vertical differences were observed. Neocalanus plumchrus was concentrated in the top 20 m from late April to the end of July, and N. flemingeri showed a little deeper distribution from May to July. Neocalanus cristatus showed a deeper distribution than that of grazing individuals of E. bungii from April to early July, but grazing individuals of E. bungii (C3–C6) showed a deeper distribution than that of N. cristatus from the end of July to October. Early copepodites of E. bungii were distributed much shallower than late copepodite stages and overlapped with copepodites of N. plumchrus and N. flemingeri. These results suggest that the four species of large copepods have established habitat segregation by season, vertical distribution and food resource partitioning in the Oyashio region as well as other regions of the North Pacific. 相似文献
70.
Hiroaki Ueda Harumitsu Kuroki Masamichi Ohba Youichi Kamae 《Climate Dynamics》2011,37(11-12):2167-2179
Modulation of a monsoon under glacial forcing is examined using an atmosphere?Cocean coupled general circulation model (AOGCM) following the specifications established by Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project phase 2 (PMIP2) to understand the air?Csea?Cland interaction under different climate forcing. Several sensitivity experiments are performed in response to individual changes in the continental ice sheet, orbital parameters, and sea surface temperature (SST) in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM: 21?ka) to evaluate the driving mechanisms for the anomalous seasonal evolution of the monsoon. Comparison of the model results in the LGM with the pre-industrial (PI) simulation shows that the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal are characterized by enhancement of pre-monsoon convection despite a drop in the SST encompassing the globe, while the rainfall is considerably suppressed in the subsequent monsoon period. In the LGM winter relative to the PI, anomalies in the meridional temperature gradient (MTG) between the Asian continents minus the tropical oceans become positive and are consistent with the intensified pre-monsoon circulation. The enhanced MTG anomalies can be explained by a decrease in the condensation heating relevant to the suppressed tropical convection as well as positive insolation anomalies in the higher latitude, showing an opposing view to a warmer future climate. It is also evident that a latitudinal gradient in the SST across the equator plays an important role in the enhancement of pre-monsoon rainfall. As for the summer, the sensitivity experiments imply that two ice sheets over the northern hemisphere cools the air temperature over the Asian continent, which is consistent with the reduction of MTG involved in the attenuated monsoon. The surplus pre-monsoon convection causes a decrease in the SST through increased heat loss from the ocean surface; in other words, negative ocean feedback is also responsible for the subsequent weakening of summer convection. 相似文献